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자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” Selenium λ©”μ„œλ“œ

이번 μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œλŠ” Seleniumμ—μ„œ 자주 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” μΆ”κ°€ λ©”μ„œλ“œλ“€μ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.


implicitly_wait λ©”μ„œλ“œλ‘œ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ λ‘œλ“œ λŒ€κΈ°ν•˜κΈ°

μ›Ή νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λ§ˆλ‹€ λ‘œλ”© 속도가 λ‹€λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, νŠΉμ • μš”μ†Œκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ κΈ°λ‹€λ €μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 상황이 자주 λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

implicitly_wait λ©”μ„œλ“œλŠ” μ΅œλŒ€ λŒ€κΈ° μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ—¬ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ λ‘œλ“œλ₯Ό λŒ€κΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ λ‘œλ”© λŒ€κΈ° μ˜ˆμ‹œ
from selenium import webdriver # Chrome μ›Ή λ“œλΌμ΄λ²„ 생성 driver = webdriver.Chrome() # νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ λ‘œλ“œμ— μ΅œλŒ€ 10μ΄ˆκΉŒμ§€ λŒ€κΈ° driver.implicitly_wait(10) # νŠΉμ • URL둜 이동 driver.get("https://www.example.com")

implicitly_wait λ©”μ„œλ“œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ λΆˆν•„μš”ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ λ‚­λΉ„ 없이 νŽ˜μ΄μ§€κ°€ μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‘œλ“œλ  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λŒ€κΈ°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.


WebDriverWait 클래슀둜 νŠΉμ • 쑰건이 좩쑱될 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λŒ€κΈ°ν•˜κΈ°

WebDriverWait 클래슀λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ νŠΉμ • 쑰건(예: νŠΉμ • HTML μš”μ†Œκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€, 클릭 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œμ§€)이 좩쑱될 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λŒ€κΈ°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ expected_conditions λͺ¨λ“ˆμ˜ presence_of_element_located λ©”μ„œλ“œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ νŠΉμ • μš”μ†Œκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λŒ€κΈ°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

μ•„λž˜ μ½”λ“œλŠ” νŠΉμ • μš”μ†Œκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ μ΅œλŒ€ 10μ΄ˆκΉŒμ§€ λŒ€κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” μ˜ˆμ‹œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

presence_of_element_located λ©”μ„œλ“œ μ˜ˆμ‹œ
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # myDynamicElementκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ μ΅œλŒ€ 10μ΄ˆκΉŒμ§€ λŒ€κΈ° element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until( EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "myDynamicElement")) )

자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” expected_conditions λ©”μ„œλ“œ

  • presence_of_element_located : μš”μ†Œκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λŒ€κΈ°

  • element_to_be_clickable : μš”μ†Œκ°€ 클릭 κ°€λŠ₯ν•  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λŒ€κΈ°

  • text_to_be_present_in_element : μš”μ†Œμ— νŠΉμ • ν…μŠ€νŠΈκ°€ 포함될 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λŒ€κΈ°


Select 클래슀둜 λ“œλ‘­λ‹€μš΄ 메뉴 μ„ νƒν•˜κΈ°

μ›Ή νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ˜ λ“œλ‘­λ‹€μš΄ λ©”λ‰΄μ—μ„œ νŠΉμ • ν•­λͺ©μ„ 선택해야 ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” Select 클래슀λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

μ•„λž˜ μ½”λ“œλŠ” λ“œλ‘­λ‹€μš΄ λ©”λ‰΄μ—μ„œ "Option 1"을 μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” μ˜ˆμ‹œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ“œλ‘­λ‹€μš΄ 메뉴 선택 μ˜ˆμ‹œ
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select # λ“œλ‘­λ‹€μš΄ 메뉴 μš”μ†Œ μ°ΎκΈ° select_element = driver.find_element("id", "dropdownMenu") # Select 객체 생성 select = Select(select_element) # Option 1 선택 select.select_by_visible_text("Option 1")

save_screenshot λ©”μ„œλ“œλ‘œ μŠ€ν¬λ¦°μƒ· μ €μž₯ν•˜κΈ°

μžλ™ν™” μž‘μ—… 쀑에 νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ˜ μ›Ή νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό κΈ°λ‘ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 문제λ₯Ό 디버깅할 λ•Œ, save_screenshot λ©”μ„œλ“œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ μŠ€ν¬λ¦°μƒ·μ„ μ €μž₯ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

μ°Έκ³ : ν˜„μž¬ save_screenshot λ©”μ„œλ“œλŠ” μ‹€μŠ΅ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œλŠ” μ§€μ›λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 컴퓨터에 파이썬과 selenium 라이브러리λ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜κ³  μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜λ©΄ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” 것을 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

μŠ€ν¬λ¦°μƒ· μ €μž₯ μ˜ˆμ‹œ
from selenium import webdriver # Chrome μ›Ή λ“œλΌμ΄λ²„ 생성 driver = webdriver.Chrome() # νŠΉμ • μ›Ή νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ μ—΄κΈ° driver.get('https://www.example.com') # μŠ€ν¬λ¦°μƒ· 파일 μ €μž₯ (μ‹€μŠ΅ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œλŠ” μ§€μ›λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€) driver.save_screenshot("screenshot.png") # λΈŒλΌμš°μ € μ’…λ£Œ driver.quit()

save_screenshot λ©”μ„œλ“œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ λΈŒλΌμš°μ € 화면을 이미지 파일둜 μ €μž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Mission
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Seleniumμ—μ„œ νŠΉμ • μ›Ή νŽ˜μ΄μ§€κ°€ μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‘œλ“œλ  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ©”μ„œλ“œλŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?

μ›Ή νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ λ‘œλ”©μ„ λŒ€κΈ°ν•˜λ €λ©΄ λ©”μ„œλ“œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
implicitly_wait
select_by_visible_text
save_screenshot
find_element

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