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# Arithmetic Operators
a = 10
b = 3

print("a + b:", a + b)  # 13
print("a - b:", a - b)  # 7
print("a * b:", a * b)  # 30
print("a / b:", a / b)  # 3.3333333333333335
print("a % b:", a % b)  # 1
print("a // b:", a // b)  # 3
print("a ** b:", a ** b)  # 1000
print('=' * 40)

# Comparison Operators
x = 5
y = 10

print("x == y:", x == y)  # False
print("x != y:", x != y)  # True
print("x > y:", x > y)    # False
print("x < y:", x < y)    # True
print("x >= y:", x >= y)  # False
print("x <= y:", x <= y)  # True
print('=' * 40)

# Logical Operators
t = True
f = False

print("t and f:", t and f)  # False
print("t or f:", t or f)    # True
print("not t:", not t)    # False
print("not f:", not f)    # True

# Operators for Performing Operations on Variables and Values

An `operator` is a symbol that specifies the operation to be performed between variables or values.

Just as the `+` symbol represents addition in mathematics, operators are used in programming to perform various operations between variables or values.

<br />

## Arithmetic Operators for Mathematical Operations

First, **arithmetic operators** are used to perform basic mathematical operations between numbers.

- `+` : Addition of numbers, concatenation of strings

- `-` : Subtraction, change of sign

- `*` : Multiplication, repetition of strings

- `/` : Division

- `%` : Modulus (remainder)

- `**` : Exponentiation

- `//` : Floor division

For example, `3 + 5` becomes 8, and `10 / 3` becomes 3.3333...

If you need the integer quotient of 10 divided by 3, then you use `10 // 3`.

```python title="Examples of Arithmetic Operators"
a = 10
b = 3

print(a + b)  # 13
print(a - b)  # 7
print(a * b)  # 30
print(a / b)  # 3.3333...
print(a % b)  # 1
print(a ** b) # 1000
print(a // b) # 3
```

<br />

The same operator can act differently depending on the data type.

For example, the `+` operator can not only **add numbers** but also **concatenate strings**.

Similarly, the `*` operator can perform both multiplication of numbers and repetition of strings.

```python title="Examples of String Operations"
name = "World"
greeting = "Hello " + name

print(greeting)  # Output: Hello World

print(name * 2)  # Output: WorldWorld
```

<br />

## Comparison Operators to Determine True/False

**Comparison operators** compare two values and return `True` or `False`.

- `==` : Compare if two values are equal

- `!=` : Compare if two values are different

- `>` : Compare if the left value is greater

- `<` : Compare if the right value is greater

- `>=` : Compare if the left value is greater or equal

- `<=` : Compare if the right value is greater or equal

```python title="Examples of Comparison Operators"
x = 5
y = 10

print(x == y)  # False
print(x != y)  # True
print(x > y)   # False
print(x < y)   # True
print(x >= 5)  # True
print(y <= 10) # True
```

Thus, comparison operators help determine the relationship between variables.

<br />

## Logical Operators to Combine Conditions

**Logical operators** are used to combine multiple conditions or to invert the truth value.

In Python, the logical operators are `and`, `or`, and `not`.

- `and` : True only if all conditions are true

- `or` : True if at least one condition is true

- `not` : Inverts the truth value

```python title="Examples of Logical Operators"
a = True
b = False

print(a and b)  # False
print(a or b)   # True
print(not a)    # False
print(not b)    # True
```

In Python, the '+' operator is used not only for adding numbers but also for concatenating strings. For example, `3 + 5` results in 8, and `'Hello ' + 'World'` results in 'Hello World'.

In Python, the '+' operator can be used for both numeric addition and string concatenation.