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class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, brand, model):
        self.brand = brand
        self.model = model

    def start_engine(self):
        print(f"{self.brand} {self.model} engine started")

# Creating Car class inheriting from Vehicle class
class Car(Vehicle):
    def __init__(self, brand, model, year):
        super().__init__(brand, model)  # Call the constructor of the parent class
        self.year = year

    def honk(self):
        print(f"{self.brand} {self.model} is honking")

# Creating my_car object
my_car = Car("BrandA", "ModelB", 2024)

# Output: BrandA ModelB engine started
my_car.start_engine()

# Output: BrandA ModelB is honking
my_car.honk()

# Extending Class Functionality Through Inheritance

`Inheritance` is one of the key concepts in Object-Oriented Programming, allowing the reuse and extension of functionality from an existing class to a new class.

By skillfully using inheritance, you can increase code reusability and write maintainable, systematic code.

<br />

## Parent Class and Child Class

In inheritance, the existing class is called the `parent class` (or super class), and the new class that is created from it is called the `child class` (or subclass).

A child class can inherit the attributes and methods of a parent class and can also add new attributes or methods, or modify existing ones.

```python title="Inheritance Example"
class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, brand, model):
        self.brand = brand
        self.model = model

    def start_engine(self):
        print(f"Starting the engine of {self.brand} {self.model}")

# Creating the Car class that inherits from Vehicle
class Car(Vehicle):
    def __init__(self, brand, model, year):
        super().__init__(brand, model)  # Calling the parent class constructor
        self.year = year

    def honk(self):
        print(f"{self.brand} {self.model} is honking")

# Creating my_car object
my_car = Car("BrandA", "ModelB", 2024)

# Output: Starting the engine of BrandA ModelB
my_car.start_engine()

# Output: BrandA ModelB is honking
my_car.honk()
```

Here, the `Car` class is created by inheriting from the `Vehicle` class.

The Car class uses the functionality of the Vehicle class as is and additionally defines the `honk` method.

<br />

### Why Use Inheritance?

Using inheritance reduces code duplication. Common functionalities can be defined in the parent class and reused in the child class.

For example, when writing classes for various types of vehicles, common functionalities (e.g., starting the engine) can be defined in the parent class, and specific functionalities for each type of vehicle can be defined in the child classes.

<br />

## Method Overriding

`Method Overriding` refers to the process of redefining a method from the parent class in the child class.

When performing method overriding, the method must use the same name as the parent method and include `self`.

This allows the child class to redefine the functionality of the parent class to suit itself.

```python title="Method Overriding Example"
class ElectricCar(Car):
    def start_engine(self):
        print(f"The electric motor of {self.brand} {self.model} is on")
```

The `ElectricCar` class inherits from the `Car` class but overrides the `start_engine` method to change the behavior to suit an electric car.

Let's learn how to extend the functionality of a class using inheritance in Python. Override the `sound` method in the `Dog` class, which inherits from the `Animal` class, to print the sound a dog makes.

### Extending Class Functionality with Inheritance

How can we make an object of the `Dog` class, which inherits the functionality of the `Animal` class, print 'Woof' using the same `sound` method? Fill in the blank below.