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# Example 1: math module
import math

# Calculate the area of a circle with radius 5 using πr²
area = math.pi * (5 ** 2)
print("Area of circle with radius 5:", round(area, 2))
# Output: Area of circle with radius 5: 78.54

print('=' * 40)

# Example 2: random module
import random

# Pick a random color from a list
colors = ["red", "green", "blue"]
picked = random.choice(colors)
print("Randomly selected color:", picked)

# Generate a random number between 100 and 200
number = random.randint(100, 200)
print("Random number between 100 and 200:", number)

print('=' * 40)

# Example 3: datetime module
import datetime

# Get today's date
today = datetime.date.today()
print("Today is:", today)

print('=' * 40)

# Get the current time and format it as a string
now = datetime.datetime.now()
print("Current time:", now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

# Using Built-in Modules (math, random, datetime)

Python comes with many useful **built-in modules** that you can use without installing anything.  

Let's look at three common ones: `math`, `random`, and `datetime`.

<br/>

## 1. math: built-in module for math operations

The `math` module provides functions and constants for mathematical operations, like square roots, powers, and π.

```python title="math Module"
import math

print("Square root of 16 is", math.sqrt(16))
print("Pi rounded to 2 decimals:", round(math.pi, 2))
```

* `math.sqrt()` returns the square root.
* `math.pi` gives the value of π.

<br/>

## 2. random: built-in module for random numbers and choices

The `random` module provides functions for generating random numbers and selecting random elements from a list.

```python title="random Module"
import random

print("Random number from 1 to 10:", random.randint(1, 10))
print("Random choice from list:", random.choice(["apple", "banana", "cherry"]))
```

* `randint(a, b)` gives a random integer in the range `[a, b]`.
* `choice()` selects one item randomly from a list.

<br/>

## 3. datetime: built-in module for working with dates and times

The `datetime` module provides classes for working with dates, times, and durations.

```python title="datetime Module"
import datetime

today = datetime.date.today()
print("Today's date is:", today)

now = datetime.datetime.now()
print("Current time is:", now.strftime("%H:%M"))
```

* `date.today()` returns today's date.
* `now.strftime()` formats the current time as a string.

<br/>

## Summary

| Module     | Use Case                        |
| ---------- | ------------------------------- |
| `math`     | Square roots, powers, constants |
| `random`   | Random numbers and choices      |
| `datetime` | Dates, times, and formatting    |

The 'random' module in Python is designed to help with generating random values, which are useful in various applications like games and decision-making processes. Functions like 'randint()' provide random integers within a specified range, and 'choice()' can randomly select an element from a list, showcasing the versatility of this module.

### Python's built-in 'random' module can generate random integers and select random items from a list.

Module	Use Case
`math`	Square roots, powers, constants
`random`	Random numbers and choices
`datetime`	Dates, times, and formatting