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# Example of calculating with operator precedence in Python

# Complex mathematical expression
complex_expression = 8 + 2 * 3 ** 2 - 4 / 2

# Order of operations
# 1. Exponentiation: 3 ** 2 = 9
# 2. Multiplication: 2 * 9 = 18
# 3. Division: 4 / 2 = 2
# 4. Addition and Subtraction: 8 + 18 - 2 = 24

print("complex_expression:", complex_expression)  # 24

# Changing precedence with parentheses
modified_expression = (8 + 2) * (3 ** (2 - (4 / 2)))

# Order of operations
# 1. Addition in parentheses: 8 + 2 = 10
# 2. Exponentiation in parentheses: 3 ** 2 = 9
# 3. Multiplication outside parentheses: 10 * 9 = 90
# 4. Division outside parentheses: 4 / 2 = 2
# 5. Subtraction outside parentheses: 90 - 2 = 88

print("modified_expression:", modified_expression)  # 88

modified_expression = (8 + 2) * (3 ** 2) - 4 / 2

# Determining Operator Precedence

Just like in mathematics, where multiplication is performed before addition, the same concept of `precedence` applies to operators in programming.

In this lesson, we will explore the precedence of numeric operators in greater depth.

<br />

## Basic Rules of Operator Precedence

In Python, operator precedence is applied in the following order:

1. Parentheses `()`

2. Exponentiation `**`

3. Multiplication `*`, Division `/`, Modulo `%`, Floor Division `//`

4. Addition `+`, Subtraction `-`

Let us explore how operator precedence is applied using an example.

```python title="Basic Rules of Operator Precedence"
result = (10 + 2) * 3 ** 2 / 4

print(result)  # 27.0
```

In the above example, `(10 + 2)` is calculated first, resulting in `12`, then `3 ** 2` is calculated, resulting in `9`.

Next, `12 * 9` is calculated, resulting in `108`, and finally `108 / 4` is calculated, resulting in `27`.

<br />

Parentheses can be used to control the order of evaluation. Operations inside parentheses are performed first.

```python title="Example of Controlling Precedence"
result_with_parentheses = (10 + 2) * (3 ** 2) / 4

print(result_with_parentheses)  # 36.0
```

In Python, the operator precedence for exponentiation `**` is just after parentheses `()`.

Determining Operator Precedence

Basic Rules of Operator Precedence

Which of the following has the highest operator precedence in Python?