Case Conversion Methods upper() and lower()

How can you convert the string "apple" to "APPLE", or "APPLE" to "apple" in one go?

Python provides methods upper() and lower() to convert the case of characters in strings.

The upper() method converts all characters in a string to uppercase, while the lower() method converts them to lowercase.

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text = "Hello World!"

upper_text = text.upper()

# HELLO WORLD!
print("upper_text:", upper_text)

lower_text = text.lower()

# hello world!
print("lower_text:", lower_text)

In programming, case conversion is mainly used during normalization, where user input is transformed into a standard format.

What is Normalization? : Normalization refers to the process of converting data into a consistent format. For example, transforming all text to lowercase or removing spaces for comparison purposes are typical normalization tasks.

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user_input = "PyThOn"

standardized_input = user_input.lower()

if standardized_input == "python":
    print("Matched!")
else:
    print("Not Matched.")