Inheritance of Class Attributes and Methods

Inheritance is a feature where one class inherits the attributes and methods of another class.

This allows reusing and extending existing code, thereby enhancing programming efficiency.

In Python, inheritance is implemented by putting the class to be inherited inside parentheses when defining a class.

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class ChildClass(ParentClass):
    # Contents of the child class

In the above code, ChildClass inherits from ParentClass.

ChildClass can use the attributes and methods of ParentClass.

The ParentClass is also known as the Superclass or Base class.

The ChildClass is also referred to as the Subclass or Derived class.

Inheritance in object-oriented programming serves the following purposes:

• Code Reusability: It reduces redundancy by utilizing the code of existing classes as is.

• Scalability: It allows adding new functionalities or changing existing functionalities without modifying the existing classes.

• Hierarchical Structure: It forms a hierarchy among classes, making the program structure clearer.

Below is an example of defining a Dog class that inherits from the Animal class.

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class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def speak(self):
        return "Makes a sound."

class Dog(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return f"{self.name} barks."

# Example of using the class
my_dog = Dog("Buddy")

print(my_dog.speak())
# Outputs: 'Buddy barks.'

In this example, the Dog class inherits the name attribute and the speak method from the Animal class.

It then overrides the speak method to reflect the characteristics of a dog.