Implementing Getters and Setters with Decorators

In Python, you can implement getters and setters more concisely using decorators.

In programming, decorators are used to extend or modify the functionality of functions or methods. In Python, decorators are applied using the @ symbol.

The decorators used for defining getters and setters are as follows:

1. @property: Defines a getter method. It allows you to access a method like an attribute.

2. @attribute_name.setter: Defines a setter method. It allows you to set or modify the attribute value.

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class Person:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.__name = name

    @property  # Define getter method
    def name(self):
        return self.__name

    @name.setter  # Define setter method
    def name(self, value):
        if isinstance(value, str):
            self.__name = value
        else:
            raise ValueError("Name must be a string.")

person = Person("John")

# Use getter
print(person.name)  # Output: 'John'

# Use setter
person.name = "Steve"  # Change the name
print(person.name)  # Output: 'Steve'

# Attempt to set invalid value (raises an error)
# person.name = 123
# # ValueError: Name must be a string.

In the code above, __name is a private variable of the Person class.

The @property decorator defines the name method as a getter, while the @name.setter decorator defines the name method as a setter.

Using decorators like this makes implementing getters and setters more concise.